I study extremism in democracies. More specifically, my work explores what extremism is and what encourages and discourages extremism, in the public
and at the elite level. I consider both a general approach to extremism and several specific kinds – including racial extremism, partisan extremism, and
populism. My research on extremism relies on various methods, using lab experiments, quasi-experiments, survey experiments, text-as-data, surveys,
and big data from Google and Twitter.